Sacran

Sacran is a natural giant molecular polysaccharide extracted from the algae, Aphanithece Sacrum, which lives in clear spring water from underflow water in ‘Aso’ region. Aphanothece sacrum is a highly valuable plant that can only live in special regions where the water is pristine and flows slowly.

APPLICATIONS

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  • Skin-care Products
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Key characteristics

  • Natural giant molecular
    • Natural polysaccharide extracted from Aphanothece sacrum found in Kumamoto and Fukuoka prefectures
  • Moisturizing effect
    • 10 – fold higher moisture retention capacity compared to hyaluronic acid
  • Protective membrane formation
    • Functions as a barrier to protect skin from external stimulus
  • Anti-inflammatory effect
Product INCI Name Other Ingredients
SACRAN B APHANOTHECE SACRUM POLYSACCHARIDES Water and Butylene Glycol
SACRAN F APHANOTHECE SACRUM POLYSACCHARIDES Water and Phenoxyethanol

CHARACTERISTICS OF SACRAN

  • Super-macromolecule with molecular weight of about 20 millon
  • Anionic polysaccharide with about 11% of sulfate groups and 12% of carboxyl groups per sugar chain
  • Eleven types of monosaccharides including glucose, galactose, xylose and fucose have been identified as components and sacran a novel monosaccharide, sulfated muramic acid
  • Aphanothece sacrum is a prokaryote but sacran is predicted to have a similar structure to mucopolysaccharides produced eukaryotes and is anticipated to have a range of physiological activities
structure

TEMPRETURE STABILITY

temp_Stabl

Xanthan gum decreases in viscosity when heated. On the other hand, sacran does not show any change in viscosity due to heating and remains stable. This difference in viscosity was confirmed to increase when heated.

Increase in viscosity due to the addition of salt

viscositiWsalt

Addition of various concentration of salts (NaCl) to 1% (w/v) sacran solution resulted in an increase in sacran viscosity. The maximum viscosity was reached when the concentration was equivalent (about 0.9%) to physiological salt solution.

WATER RETENTION CAPACITY

Using the improved tea bag method, a water retention assay was conducted for sacran, hyaluronic acid and xanthan gum. As a result of measuring the volume (ml) of water retained by 1 g (dry weight) of each sample, sacran was found to have a water retention capacity exceeding 6000-fold its own weight. Furthermore, compared to hyaluronic acid and xanthan gum, it was confirmed to have a water retention capacity 5 times and 10 times greater than hyaluronic acid when using pure water and salt water for the assay, respectively.

Difference in water retention capacity between Sacran and Sodium hyaluronate

BARRIER FUNCTION

barrierfunc
barrierfunc2

Sacran solution (concentration: 10 ppm) was applied to mica and observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Sacran found to form a mesh-like film and to be a macromolecule with a length of 12 µm

Effect on skin

Microscopy image of the observation site (inner side of the upper arm)

About 100 µL of  sacran solution (0.1%) was continuously applied once every day to the inner side of the upper arm and skin texture was observed with a microscope 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks after starting application. Skin was dry (white region) before application but after 2 weeks of sacran application, there were on dried areas and skin grooves were more noticeable.

It is anticipated that the application of sacran over time will improve the texture of the skin

Anti-inflammatory effect

Effect of ion type

Sacran is a natural giant molecular polysaccharide extracted from the algae, Aphanothece sacrum, which lives in clear spring water from underflow water in the Aso region. Aphanothece sacrum is a highly valuable plant that can only live in special regions where the water is pristine and flows slowly. This product was named ” Sacran” in acknowledgement of the scientific name, “Aphanothece sacrum”, whare  ‘sacrum’ means ‘sacred’. It is regarded as as a luxury foodstuff and was gifted to the shogun as an offering during the Edo era.

Aphanothece sacrum secretes sacran to protect the cell from the harsh environment.

Sacran is said to prevent the invasion of bacteria and viruses from outside by retaining a lot of water and protecting the Aphanothece sacrum from drying out.

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